Overview of Vertical Root Fractures
Vertical root fractures occur when the roots of a tooth become fractured due to tremendous force. A vertical root fracture is very serious and can lead to a significant infection if left untreated. A vertical root fracture means that the tooth must be extracted because it cannot be saved. These fractures are diagnosed by clinical evaluation, symptoms presented, and x-rays that will appear with a J-shaped radiolucency around the root on the image. As such, these fractures require immediate attention from a dentist in order to avoid further complications or an infection to spread systemically.
Symptoms of a Vertical Root Fracture
Teeth with vertical root fractures usually presents with biting pain, but sometimes it can be asymptomatic. Other symptoms may include a change in the way your teeth come together, pain to percussion and infection around the tooth, which may have pus draining from the area. Tenderness of the gum tissue around this problematic tooth is also usually present. If a vertical root fracture is suspected, it is important to visit your dentist immediately for further evaluation.
Diagnosis and X-ray Evaluation for Vertical Root Fractures
Vertical root fractures can be detected from symptoms you may be experiencing, but can also be visualized through x-rays and clinical evaluation. As the fracture gets worse, changes can be visualized on x-rays. The most obvious x-rays that reveal a vertical root fracture are 3d x-rays that are seen through a CBCT (cone beam CT scan). Normal 2-dimensional x-rays can reveal a vertical root fracture as well. A periapical x-ray will show a J-shaped dark area around the root of the tooth, which confirms that there is a vertical root fracture present. This infection around the root can be confirmed with a large probing depth (measurement of the gum tissue in the area). The probing measurements of the tooth can commonly be normal until the area of the vertical root fracture is present and then the probing number will be very large.
Prevention Tips to Avoid Vertical Root Fractures
Root canaled teeth are the most common teeth to experience vertical root fractures, so it is important to take extra precaution when it comes to chewing in these areas. Avoiding hard foods is key to avoiding any force being applied to the area. Additionally, it can be helpful to use a night guard at night and a sports guard when engaging in activities such contact sports. This will help prevent any force from directly impacting your teeth allowing them to stay healthy.
In conclusion, vertical root fractures can be a serious issue if left untreated. It is important to visit your dentist immediately if you suspect that you may have one of these fractures. Prevention tips such as avoiding hard foods and using night guards or sports guards can help prevent the fracture from occurring in the first place. By understanding what signs to look for on x-rays, like J-shaped radiolucency around the tooth roots, dentists are able to quickly diagnose and treat this condition before it gets worse. With proper care and precautionary measures taken, hopefully more people will avoid experiencing a hopeless tooth due to a vertical root fracture!
Dr. Thomas is a general dentist that loves sharing information about all aspects of dentistry, but is passionate about digital and implant dentistry. Dr. Thomas received his DMD degree from Tufts University School of Dental Medicine and continues to find helpful ways to inform and educate people about dental procedures and products.
Are you looking for a second opinion? Dr. Thomas is the CEO of Opinion Two Nonprofit Organization. Opinion Two is available online or on mobile app and it allows patients to receive dental second opinions with top US-licensed dentists. All proceeds are used to benefit future generations of dentists through scholarships and benefits to pre-dental programs.